The most common problem in mounting a new drive in an older system is disk size and the issue of "48-bit LBA Support". Without that (if your system uses the older version of LBA) you are limited to 128 GB or less. The good news is that the first SATA specs were released AFTER the change was made to the 48-bit LBA system. So ALL SATA drives (and, one would hope, mobo controllers built for them) support the modern 48-bit LBA system.
Then you still need your OS to support it, too. Windows VISTA always does. Windows XP did not as first released; support was added in Service Pack 1 and, of course, maintained in SP2 and SP3. Windows 2000 did not have it until a later version, I think maybe SP4. So check how up-to-date your Windows is and, if necessary, download and install the current update BEFORE you install your new HDD and BEFORE you add in a PCI SATA card as Mr. Linux suggests.