What complicates this is your board not having native support for M.2 SSDs. Even if you went to the trouble to install your new Intel 600p M.2 SSD, your motherboard would still be limited to the 6Gbp/s of SATA3. Your best bet would be to RMA the 600p and choose a SATA3 SSD, or use a motherboard that can support M.2 3x4 NVME SSD speeds. Are there ways you could your motherboard to recognize your new M.2 SSD and use it as a boot drive via a PCIE adapter? Most likely yes. But because of the aforementioned issue, am unsure whether your board would be able to benefit from it, even if it could be used as a boot drive via a pcie adapter.
Link from MSI forum, z97 g45 gaming vs z97 gaming 5, may be useful somewhat:
https://forum-en.msi.com/index.php?topic=181081.0
Sorry couldn't be more helpful. If there's a workaround would also be interested to know out of curiosity.