No, that won't work. The type of speakers you describe would require an amplifier to amplify the signal coming from the 3.5mm output. The good news is that you can get a simple amplifier for pretty cheap. This one for example would work for you:
http://www.amazon.com/Lepai-LP-2020A-Tripath-Class-T-Amplifier/dp/B0049P6OTI/
It has a 3.5mm input on it as well, so all you would need is either a 3.5mm male to male cable, or a 3.5mm male to RCA cable.