Start with trying a Windows repair setup, also scan the drive with a disk check utility, the computer BIOS may have something. If not, then you can download a general utility disk like Hirens and use the tools there to scan the drive. If it has errors, copy your files form it, buy a new drive and install Windows on the new drive.
If the disk looks good and a repair setup did not work, backup your files and install Windows clean on it. You may need to connect that drive as a secondary to another computer with a USB enclosure or internally in a desktop to copy your files form it. In your user profile under C:\Users you will see your files, My Documents, Desktop, Favorites, maybe Downloads and Saved Games. Really anything there you...