When I started building PCs, it was common to see one fan at the bottom of the case to bring in cool air, and another on the back to exhaust warm air. I haven't seen a case with only two fans in a very long time. That doesn't mean they are not out there; it's just rare.
My workstation has a 2-fan configuration with an air-cooled 130 W CPU, 275 W GPU, quad-channel memory, the enterprise version of the Intel SSD 750, and 2 SATA drives. Front fan is 140 mm and blows cool air over the SATA drives, while rear fan is a 120 mm behind the CPU.
860 W PSU is bottom-mounted, and only spins its fan in high-load, which is rare. The graphics card has 2 axial fans. Everything stays pretty quiet, and I had no throttling issues when running multi-day CPU-intensive jobs or during the Folding @ Home contest.
In addition to that, I have an old i7-2600K that just uses the boxed CPU cooler, integrated graphics, and a single 80 mm Noctua exhaust fan, in a cheap mini-tower case. Never throttles, and I don't even hear it unless something pegs all of the CPU cores (it sits about 4' from my feet, on the other side of my UPS). It does have a top-mounted PSU, which is a Seasonic G-Series semi-modular, that I think is designed to keep its fan running full-time. It started as an experiment, but I never found a reason to increase its airflow. I haven't even dusted it in a couple years.
I'm left to conclude that you only need more than 2 big fans in cases with poor airflow, multi-GPU, or overclocking.