Is that what happened? I don't think that would work. I think the government's basis for these bans is that the products are using IP with US patents & inventors - thus the government can assert control over it via eminent domain.
Yeah, if a company existed entirely outside the US, it can just ignore whatever the US government says. However, that means it can't have any operations here, nor sell any products here. That's effectively impossible for Nvidia. Leaving the US market would be way worse than leaving all of the sanctioned markets, not to mention all of the brainpower & knowledge they'd lose by closing their US-based offices.
And if you violate the sanctions and set foot in US jurisdiction or have any property here, you (or it) could potentially be seized. That's what happened with Huawei's CFO, and she wasn't even in the US when she was detained. The only difference might be that Huawei allegedly violated sanctions on Iran, which might've been UN sanctions. If they were just US sanctions, maybe Canada would've have held her, though the reason they did was ultimately to extradite her to the US for trial - not to try her themselves or in the ICC.