"The XML page cannot be displayed" error when connecting to a webpage within work VPN. Any help appreciated.

[Mo Battah]

I work remotely for an IT company. To do my work, I need to login into their VPN. This is done by running Cisco AnyConnect and inputting credentials, no issues here. After connecting, there's a little browser-based remote desktop application that takes me to their internal website to log in. The problem is this website never loads and outputs an XML error as shown below in the screenshot.

Note: The red text is meaningless, don't worry about that.

More info:
I called my workplace's IT support where they pretty much made sure I was running the latest Internet Explorer (not Edge) and resetting/clearing all the settings. Eventually, they claimed I had a virus.

What have I tried?
Tons of different internet options within internet explorer. Various security permissions and options. Reinstalled Windows 10 completely. Reinstalled all network drivers, removed any sort of VPN software. Different connections.

What do I know?
The issue lies within my laptop. I installed Cisco AnyConnect and their application on another laptop (running Win10) and everything worked perfectly. I just don't know what it could be since I completely reinstalled the OS and everything was fine two weeks ago. Yes, I did check logs for any changes, nothing.

Any help is GREATLY appreciated!

 

[Mo Battah]

More info:

Instead of using the app shown above to navigate to the login page, inputting the EXACT URL into chrome seems to work. I'm still interested in fixing this though, I think it may have to do with the location of my temporary internet files.