"I installed Windows that made the data invisible"
More than that actually, the Windows install has overwritten many of those files, leaving only fragments of them behind (if anything at all). As fragments the files are essentially unrecoverable.
You could try partition recovery software to see what's left on the old/previous partition, but to do that you'll have to remove the drive and temporarily install it as a secondary drive on a another PC (You can't do it in situ because it's currently the boot drive).