Most of the old Core Duo and Core 2 Duo laptop CPUs were socketed, and can be upgraded. However, you need to check with the manufacturer's BIOS release notes to see which CPUs are supported.
Also, swapping the CPU is not exactly a simple process with most laptops. On some, you have to almost completely disassemble the laptop, which is beyond most people's technical capabilities.
Finally, bear in mind that older laptops like this typically take a max of 4 GB RAM, and have SATA 1 or IDE connector for the HDD. The integrated GPU on the latest Intel Haswell CPUs is actually pretty good (about the same speed as the nVidia 330m on my first generation Core i laptop). So you will see a tremendous improvement in performance upgrading to even a cheap newer laptop, especially if you can find one with a SSD (or swap the HDD for a SSD yourself) or SSD cache.
The desktop Core 2 Duos still have some life in them due to the motherboards having SATA2, being able to take 8 GB RAM, and having expansion ports so you can install a newer GPU. But the Core 2 Duo laptops are beyond end of life IMHO, and you would be better served putting the money towards a newer laptop.