The reason richer are generally taxed higher is because, firstly, they're able to afford it, secondly, they would not have had that riches had the nation not been at its current state of wealth. Most taxes are designed like that. Better roads has more fees, worse roads gets to "live on" lower tax rates. The removal of taxes for the 1% is all about mindless wealth hoarding with no actual purpose. "I'm rich so why should I care about anyone else?". The Scrooge McDuck mentality.
Trade does balance itself. The real fact you're deliberately ignoring is, trade has zero impact on a nation's debt levels as trade happens between two civilian parties. Your government isn't getting debt because buyer X is buying more than they can afford. That is not how money works. Your government relies on the taxes and fees off its citizen. You know, for instance the
trillion dollars they gave away to those 1%'ers this winter.