Can I use a MicroUSB to USB 2.0 cable to connect a Hub to a Windows Tablet like the Cain 8 and thereby hook up different things to it - mouse, keyboard, flash drives, etc?
A USB hub should just multiplex between devices, and since it's a Windows based tablet it should work like a regular laptop or desktop. Provided you have the DRIVER support obviously for the product I can't think of a good reason it wouldn't work.
As for DRIVER support you didn't specify whether it was Windows 8 RT or not as that version has less driver support though for basic things it should be pretty good.
*So if you want to setup essentially a DOCKING station it should work fine.
**I'm unsure of the POWER output of micro-USB but you definitely want to use a USB hub with an AC adapter.
UPDATE:
Don't forget about BLUETOOTH support which is ideal for some people since no wire is needed. You could get a Bluetooth mouse and keyboard then reserve physically plugging anything in until you need to thus avoiding the messy hub setup.