mlrussell :
Hello,
What is the lowest voltage that can harm computer components?
Strange question.
Any reverse biased voltage can destroy (violently) a capacitor. Some of the components in drives are fine above 15 volts DC and higher.
Your power supply delivers a few different voltages because different components have diferent voltage rquirements. Most of those components are fine with properly biased undervoltage. It's more common for thos parts to just not work, until enough volts are applied.
Overvoltage on the other hand is a real killer