SD
XC has a maximum size of 2 terabytes.
SD
UC has a maximum size of 128 terabytes.
https://www.sdcard.org/press/thoughtleadership/growing-demand-growing-capacity-an-introduction-to-the-new-sd-ultra-capacity-function
The SDXC spec was limited to 2TB due to its limited addressing capability – yet market needs like the trend toward 4K/8K, and the NAND technology evolutions, created a need to overcome the SDXC limit, allowing future growth up to the new limit of 128TB.
SDUC is using the exFAT file system, which is the same file system as SDXC. However, SDXC is formatted with the Master Boot Record (MBR) format. MBR format has a capacity limitation up to 2TB. SDUC is formatted with GUID Partition Table (GPT) format, which can support capacity more than 2TB.
I was under the impression that you could format an sd card to any file system you like ... zfs, but the camera/phone is probably expecting exFAT if it is obeying the standard which it is probably required to do.
Having said that if they ever do release a 128 terabyte card their Express read/write of 985 MB/s is wholly inadequate!
128TB / 985 MB/s = 36 hour 5 minute 49 second transfer !!!