I consider the fact that you can't even get a graphics card, of ANY kind that would handle what the OP wants to do, for the price of a camera that can do ALL of it, as the "high cost in it". The rest, including a "rugged and durable motherboard", of which I seriously doubt that there are ANY which are suitable for use with a gaming card like he wants to use, is just extra. So, I guess if you are JUST wanting a project to pour your time and money into, then fine, maybe your ideas are useful in that regard, but I still don't believe that most of the consumer hardware that you would be limited to using with a 3090 or similar gaming card will last very long no matter what you do to it, and for certain you will be spending about ten or more times the money, and investing ten or twenty times the man hours, than you would if you simply did what RL recommended early in this thread.
You are all looking for a solution to a problem that doesn't exist. The solution already exists, is simple, is inexpensive (Relatively) and will LAST probably indefinitely or at least much longer than anything you build is likely to.
But like I said earlier, some people don't mind lighting their wallet on fire or digging holes just to fill them back in, so, whatever. I think it's more a matter of some people simply wanting to confirmation of their own amazing intellect than any actual benefit or advantage of doing it their way. Basically, I want to be right so I'll keep on until I find somebody who agrees with me and will give me the warm fuzzies I need, rather than somebody who will be honest and say "this is not a good idea. There are much better ways to get where you want to be".
And also, I don't know of ANY type of NEMA enclosure that is going to protect your hardware from dust and moisture while STILL offering the ability to provide the type of cooling that would be required for a device like this with a high end CPU, CPU cooler and graphics card. Not to mention, even if you somehow managed to implement some type of passive cooling, bypassing the need for direct air or liquid cooling on your CPU and graphics card, that passive cooling would still need some kind of chassis airflow, which is going to entirely derail any kind of "harsh environment protections" it might have had the second you install a fan anywhere on it because now you are going to be actively sucking those environmental conditions directly into the chassis, and no matter where it is mounted, any rugged offroad vehicle is going to find a way to end up with dirt, dust, moisture, maybe also fuel vapors, possibly other contaminants, wherever you put that chassis. I mean, you might be able to live with some of the hardware being fanless including the CPU and power supply, if you are willing to spend that much money, (And it isn't going to be a small solution, because passive coolers for high end hardware NEVER have a small footprint) but you are NOT getting around the need for airflow through the chassis to make that work and you are not getting around needing direct active cooling for any kind of graphics card of this caliber. ESPECIALLY in a chassis that is mostly or entirely sealed up. It just won't happen and I don't care what you say. It is not feasible. Not by a long shot.
You believe it is? Prove it. SHOW us how it can be done. I'm calling BS.