There's absolutely nothing about the kabylake cpus that's anything to do with any application of being 'future-proof'. It's a dead end. A year ago, if you were looking at lga1151, it had some future-proof, owning skylake and had the possibility of moving to kabylake when it was released, but with kabylake out now, it's done. The only thing that'll be future-proof is anything not core related, such as the ddr4, the SSD, possibly the cpu cooler, but the cpu/mobo is done. Dead end.
And I'll put my i7-3770K up against your i5-4590 or even the i5-7400 anyday and still beat you in any bench. Age isn't the primary concern with cpus of Ivy or newer as much as the model, power and ability.
Yes, a 'new' 4th gen cpu is more expensive than a 'new' 7th gen, but that's how supply/demand goes. I built my entire pc for less than $600 few years back, when the generation gap was smaller, but it's still strong enough to handle whatever I need from it today.
And there's plenty of still perfectly good 4th gen cpus/mobo's on ebay at much lower prices than retail new, even some 4590's brand new in box for $95. Kinda hard to beat that.