This is a good question to illustrate the appeal of Freesync (or G-Sync for Nvidia). In a non Freesync monitor, your GPU will put out 85 frames per second (or something of that order). Your monitor, regardless, will refresh 144 times per second. Therefore, roughly speaking, your monitor will refresh twice most of the time before the GPU provides a new frame- the monitor will show the same frame twice before the GPU provides a new frame. But, about 10-15% of the time, the GPU will provide a new frame after the monitor has shown the previous frame only once. Imagine the monitor showing GPU numbered frames like this:
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,16,16,17,17,18,18,19,19,20,20...
So, most frames are shown twice, but frames 8 and 15 are only shown once before the subsequent frame is shown. It can be stated that the human eye can only identify 30 frames per second, so any changes beyond that frequency would not be detected. In one sense this is true, however... when there is the subtle change of a frame shown twice in some cases, but only once in other cases (as will always be the case in non Freesync/G-Sync monitors), there can be artifacts noticeable by the human eye. This has to do with instantaneous brightness and dimming of pixels lit for one cycle versus two, and is perceived as a type of discontinuous display. It is subtle but definitely noticeable.
Freesync/G-Sync does away with that artifact and provides a consistent one frame per monitor refresh cycle. The human eye doesn't notice the varying difference of 65 fps to 85 fps as the game slows and accelerates, and the possible artifacts of cycles per refresh is done away with, so there is no jarring affect. The result is a quite noticeably smoother video experience.