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Actually just the color scheme .... use either one just don't mix.
Both are appropriate for high speed data, though 568B is somewhat more common for installed wiring and 568A is more common in jumpers. There is no performance advantage either way. The only real difference between the two is the order in which the pairs are used (orange and green).
EIA/TIA-568A:
Pin 1: White/Green
Pin 2: Green/White (or just plain Green)
Pin 3: White/Orange
Pin 4: Blue/White (or just plain Blue)
Pin 5: White/Blue
Pin 6: Orange/White (or just plain Orange)
Pin 7: White/Brown
Pin 8: Brown/White (or just plain Brown)
EIA/TIA-568B:
Pin 1: White/Orange
Pin 2: Orange/White (or just plain Orange)
Pin 3: White/Green
Pin 4: Blue/White (or just...