what is the i7 4790k supported ram speed?

Nothing to understand stock speeds are 1600 oc speeds are pretty potentially much higher. 2400 cl 10 sticks are where I'd stop however. They aren't much more expensive and a lot faster than 1600. Gskill tridents come to mind, them or ripjaws Z series (black ones)
 
the default speeds are supported by all family cpu / mobos. above that you need the correct combination of cpu / mobo in order to run higher ram models. high speed ram sticks achieve such speeds through xmp(extreme memory profile) . since memory controller lies within the cpu, the better (cpu) chip you have, the higher the ram speed you can run with. overclocking will additionally improve that ability. so obviously an unlocked (K) i5 / i7 paired with Z87 / 97 will reach the highest speed possible!