What is VSync, FXAA, MSAA, SSAA, TXAA, Ambient Occlusion?

[rivalrifle]

What is VSync, FXAA, MSAA, SSAA, TXAA, Ambient Occlusion in a game? Does it really effect to the game? What the difference between them?

 

[ykki]

http://www.pcgamer.com/pc-graphics-options-explained/#page-1