agreed. it looks to have covered the basics.
i've personally used both laser and optical so i can make a few more easily understood general statements:
-you can lift an optical mouse up and it will not track, a laser mouse will track somewhat.
-laser mice have built in mouse acceleration you cannot turn off, many optical mice do not.
-laser mice can be finicky about what surfaces they are used on however can be used on some surfaces optical can not.
-laser mice typically offer a higher dpi resolution which could result in faster mouse speed.
as for accuracy... i've personally found laser mice to be about equal to optical, at least in the ones i've personally used.
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there are only three basic types..
-optical
-laser
-ball (obsolete)
what you listed just looks like subtypes of either laser or optical.
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if you're just starting out looking for a general mouse... i'd recommend an optical since they are easy to use without having some of the "issues" laser mice have.
something like the deathadder, kone, sensei or ec1 evo are all good general shaped mice to start with. you can see more details here
http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-2268447/fps-mouse-thread.html#14008067
another good mouse is the proteus which i actually used myself for about a week. button placement is great compared to some other mic however it was returned because the mouse was not wide enough for my hands/grip style so was a bit uncomfortable after long periods of time. otherwise, great mouse but NOT worth $80. i managed to snag it for $55 with price match when i decided to try it.