1) CPU:
For the CPU, simply run the Intel CPU diagnostic.
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/19792/Intel-Processor-Diagnostic-Tool
If you had an issue related to severe CPU performance drop it should show up here. It stresses all threads to 100% and monitors temperature, looks for throttling, no data corruption etc.
It will run at DEFAULT CPU settings, so if you overclocked it will temporarily go back to default (until a reboot). However, I would stay at default if you overclocked anyway for now until the issue is solved (or stay there permanently. Overclocking arguably gives little real-world gaming benefit anyway)
2) I DOUBT it's a CPU issue.
IMO it's most likely a GPU or GPU driver issue, if other games or benchmarks are affected.
3) If it's only FNV then it's a game issue.
4) *IMPORTANT* so you need to run a simple BENCHMARK or two to determine where you sit. I suggest starting with UNIGINE VALLEY
http://www.bit-tech.net/hardware/graphics/2016/06/21/asus-geforce-gtx-1070-strix-review/10
Use the EXACT same settings. You should get very close to this. If working properly your results will only vary depending on CPU overclock, GPU overclock, or possibly some other issue but those are most likely.
5) CPU usage alternative:
Run PRIME95 with Task Manager running. It's a heavy stress test and runs the CPU much hotter than normal gaming. If it doesn't throttle here, it isn't going to elsewhere.
In TM, have it set to "Performance-> CPU", and when P95 hits full usage you should see:
a) EIGHT GRAPHS running about 100% usage (right-click if one graph and change to "logical processors"), and also
b) roughly 4.2GHz for the CPU (Max Turbo is 4.4GHz default if you have not overclocked. I think full load turbo is about 4.2GHz, possibly closer to 4.1GHz)
So if this is true your CPU is fine.
6) GPU alternative:
Run any game benchmark while having a utility such as MSI Afterburner displaying the current GPU frequency. You should be seeing over 1700MHz, possibly over 1900MHz depending on the card and whether you overclock.
Your card is roughly 2.5X more powerful than mine and I rarely drop below 60FPS in Fallout NV. You can probably hit close to 200FPS depending on how much CPU bottleneck exists (and if you have any MOD issues).
*So if the GPU can hit the proper FREQUENCY, and the CPU can hit the proper frequency, yet other games and other benchmarks are still incorrect we're probably looking at a software issue. Video drivers or some other Microsoft software (if really stumped do a reinstall of Windows but it's a last resort).
You can even do an in-place Upgrade of Windows 10. Or if you have a spare drive install W10 after creating the install media. (I won't explain either unless it's necessary) Let it do its updates then install the latest NVidia driver. During clean install I would:
a) have no other drive cables attached to avoid accidental erasure
b) don't put in a key when prompted
c) don't activate if prompted
7) If it turns out it is GAME specific, then
a) VERIFY the local game content (if Steam)
b) Have no mods running
c) If you have multiple mods, and CPU/GPU is working normally in tests, then DELETE the game, then REINSTALL it. Test the local content again, and if good make a BACKUP of the game so you can delete and restore this later without downloading again.
d) If FPS is working now (which should be about 60FPS) you can disable VSYNC to test how high above 60FPS you are if you want, but really as long as "ifpsclamp=60" produces a stable 60FPS on a 60Hz monitor things should be fine.
e) if that works out, then look at the best mods such as unofficial patch update, texture updates etc.
Other:
Run Memtest86 some time. It's not going to reduce game performance below 60FPS with your specs even at 4K for Fallout NV (with no extreme graphic mods). You should run if you have never done so even with no obvious problems. www.memtest86.com
Create DVD or USB. Change BIOS boot order if need be to boot to it. Use default settings. Should take roughly 30 minutes per 8GB. Run a "full pass" or until errors.