Well not quite. Not more heat the slower the performance, in fact it can be quite the opposite. That is simply the power that GPU takes to run at the performance level it is designed for. Nvidia has some cards that are more efficient, but not necessarily more powerful.
An RTX2080Ti or Vega64 or Radeon VII all use more power, but also perform better. They are also typically larger cards because of this. Not only do they need more power delivery to feed the physically larger GPUs, but they need more room for heatsinks to keep it at a reasonable temperature.
This only matters with all things being equal, they are not. You could sit down and say GFLOPS/Watt or some other metric, but it would have to be the same test. GCN architecture is better at some things then Nvidia, and Nvidia certainly has a few things that AMD doesn't.
RX580 is a fine GPU. Just the way AMD has configured it to favor performance over efficiency, they pushed the clock speeds as high as they could go basically. Now that AMD has new cards coming in the next few weeks (starting at $379, so don't feel left out) they probably have something competitive when it comes to efficiency compared to Nvidia. I suspect I'll be recommending AMD for anyone that isn't buying an RTX2080 or 2080Ti.