Xeon Phi are add in cards that contain CPUs for doing enormous x86 multithreaded processes. They are not for running the computer. The system would still need a host processor.
Xeon chips support ECC memory, and usually a lot of memory. Form factor wise they are identical to the consumer grade CPUs and are somewhat interchangeable.
Xeon chips also support multi-processor boards, from 2 to 4 physical CPUs. Meaning that with the latest chips you can get something like 72 cores in a single machine (144 threads), neat.
Intel seems to have stopped much of this practice, but it used to be that consumer grade chips would have certain instruction sets and capabilities disabled. These days it doesn't look like they much bother.