It's certainly possible, however you'd need an i5-3570K or i7-3770K likely so you can overclock to get a solid 144FPS.
https://www.anandtech.com/show/11244/the-amd-ryzen-5-1600x-vs-core-i5-review-twelve-threads-vs-four/14
That's with a GTX1080, but the point is an i5-7600 can hit over 180FPS an i5-3570K should too.
Max FPS increase would be for example 4.5GHz/3.1GHz (max full load for both)... 1.45x so 145FPS average?
I guess you can't hit a solid 144FPS actually. The i5-7600 hits about 4GHz (full load) but it's newer architecture might be up to 20% higher IPC.
It's academic since I don't think you can find an i5-3570K for a good price anyway.
OTHER:
Why are you trying to hit a solid 144FPS?
Is 100FPS insufficient latency, or are you trying to enable VSYNC to prevent screen tearing?
If the latter, you can force on Adaptive VSync (Half Refresh) to synch to 72FPS instead. That will cap to 72FPS (VSYNC ON) and disable VSYNC if you can't maintain that (so screen tear below 72FPS but not added stuttering due to the synch mismatch of using VSYNC if you you can't hit that FPS).
Here's how:
1) start then exit the game
2) NCP-> manage 3d settings-> ... add game-> adaptive vsync (half refresh)-> save
Now you should tweak the game settings so you maintain 72FPS (the cap) at least 90% of the time. When it drops, again, you get screen tear so if you never see tears you can likely increase the game quality, but if tears are too often you can drop the quality (like 8xMSAA to 4xMSAA).