full formats will locate and mark bad clusters/sectors. A quick format will not check.
windows 8.x and above will run a background process while the system is idle. It will attempt to data integrity checking on all of your drives.
It will read each sector and check for read errors. If it gets a error, it will attempt to read the data over and over to get a copy without a error. If it does it will move the data to a new sector and mark the old sector as bad. This process can take a long time (days). This new process was implemented as a response to the very large drives and the time extreme amount of time that chkdsk would take to run.
It is normal for a spinning hard drive to have bad sectors, these sectors even appear to move...