The backup tool included in Windows is terrible. I recommend using Macrium Reflect or EaseUs Todo Backup instead. Those will at least give you detailed error messages. I feel the pay version of Macrium Reflect is better. But the free version of Easus Todo has more features.
https://www.macrium.com/reflectfree
https://www.easeus.com/backup-software/tb-free.html
After you've made the backup, run the manufacturer's disk health check program as recommended by kanewolf. If that reports the drive is OK, run a chkdsk on the drive. If chkdsk reports problems that require fixing, run it again with the option to fix any errors. This is necessary to force the drive to move the bad sectors/clusters to a part of the disk which still works.
https://neosmart.net/wiki/chkdsk/#From_My_Computer-5
Unfortunately this can take a lot of time (hours, sometimes days if the drive is in a bad state), which is why you want to make the backup first. But hopefully it only takes 10-20 minutes, and successfully clears up any bad sectors. You'll want to monitor the drive closely for few weeks, to see if more bad sectors develop. If they do, that's a pretty good (bad) sign that the disk is dying, and should be replaced. But hopefully this was a one-time random incident.