I have a GA-MA 790 FX-DS5 with Phenom II x4 920 processor which fails to enumerate optical drives when installing Windows 8.1 or Windows 10. [works fine in lower O.S.es] This produces the symptoms Joe describes, failure to show in Device Manager or to be recognized by Windows.
This batch file creates a registry entry which forces Windows 8.1 and 10 to enumerate my optical drives. They appear in Device Manager and are back in full use. Cut the text and paste into Notepad, saving as a .bat file. Then run in an enhanced CMD window.
reg.exe add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\atapi\Controller0" /f /v EnumDevice1 /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000001
Alternately, you could cut and paste the following text between the dotted lines and save it as a .reg file. Double-clicking on that .reg file will import it to your registry.
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Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\atapi\Controller0]
"EnumDevice1"=dword:00000001
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-Brendon