Very little, because NTFS compression is, by design, not very compact or CPU-intensive. Tom's did a test and concluded compression of an entire OS drive doesn't really impair performance. On the other hand this also means you don't get much extra space--compressing an XP system disk only gets you 12.5% more space. Windows 7 is a bit more compressible so you get 17.5% more. Windows 10 files are already compressed so you get about nothing.
If the disk is particularly slow then compressing it can indeed make reads faster, but most people ask about disk compression because their small SSD is running out of space. In that case reads can only be slower, plus you end up with more writes to the SSD because even a 1-byte change to any file...