It won't work. You need to get a motherboard with an LGA 1151 socket for a CPU with an LGA 1151 pin arrangement to physically fit.
In terms of compatibility, you have to consider these CPU + Chipset pairing:
If you have an overclockable/unlocked CPU you would want a Z170 or Z270 motherboard. If the overclockable CPU is a Skylake (6th-gen) CPU, both motherboards will work. If the overclockable CPU is a Kaby Lake (7th-gen) CPU, best to get the Z270 motherboard (compatible BIOS out-of-the-box).
If you have a non-overclockable/locked CPU you would want a B150, B250, H110, H170, or H270 motherboard. If the locked CPU is Skylake, any of these motherboards would work. If the locked CPU is Kaby Lake, best to get either the B250 or the H270 motherboard only.
Similarly, if you intend to keep that LGA 1155 motherboard, you would need a CPU with an LGA 1155 pin arrangement to physically fit.