Check the motherboard's manual for the current the header provides. Most headers provide 1A max., some motherboards provide high-amp rated headers (e.g., Asus MB's with H_AMP and W_PUMP+ headers) that can go as high as 3A. Next thing to do is check the ampere rating of the fans you will be connecting it to. Most fans are in the range of ~0.15A to ~0.35A. So, connecting 4 fans with an current draw of 0.2A per fan would only draw 0.8A on the 1A header. It is not dangerous if you know what you are doing, have the correct information, and installing reliable components.
Take a typical 240mm AIO for example (such as Corsair H100i v2). The AIO provides a splitter cable allowing you to connect the 2x 120mm fans to cool the rad. This cable also splits/connects the pump, in itself drawing in more current, apart from the fan's power draw. Such AIO only connects to 1 motherboard header (usually the CPU_FAN) that is rated at only 1A.
You will be safe using a fan splitter as long as you the fans you are connecting does not draw more current than the motherboard header provides.