then why doesn't thunderbolt 3 adpaters exist?
because its two separate technologies
thunderbolt works as network switch - pci-e devices connected to network chain multiplexed with display port, devices can comunicate in both directions at same time
usb works based on pipes, devices comunicate only one way, either in or out...this is something which GPU for sure wouldnt like
anyway thunderbolt was until recently licenced product (apple mostly), its open sourced now, some TB3 adapters exists but not for notebooks and for sure not for USB and compatibility is warried with adapters (due to poor driver support)
as far as eGPU and notebooks without thunderbolt goes, u could use mPCIE or M2 slot, this is something that could work, but it depends on if you have access to those ports (as they can be filled with devices like drives or wifi adapters and sometimes u have to take full notebook cover to get to them)