to answer your question directly, yes you can run DDR 2133 with an AMD FX-9590 on an ASUS crosshair V and get the ram to work at those speeds.
the difference between the retail and tray processors are that the retail (first one) comes with a 120mm sealed water cooler made by asetek, the tray processor (second one) comes with no cooler and you must supply your own.
my CPUz, to give you an idea of a properly set up FX-9590
http://valid.x86.fr/8tm35e
yes that is 5.2ghz at 1.52v and never breaks the 65c thermal limit (usually around 55c max)
its very important that you back the volts off even at stock speeds. mine can go as low as 1.3v and hit the stock 4.7ghz on all cores. takes 1.416v to hit 5ghz stable across all eight cores. maxes out around 5.4ghz with 1.65v (i wouldn't really recommend anything more then 1.55v on good watercooling for daily use)
i have a very good watercooling setup, much better then any sealed unit and probably a couple notches higher then even a well done custom loop (my rad is 360x60+?mm pure copper, single circuit with like 16+ channels and goes for around $300+). i could easily cool my CPU+2-3 high end video cards on just this rad.
you will probably have to manually enter the speed and timings in the BIOS, otherwise its likely your PC will default to DDR1600
will DDR2133 make any difference vs DDR 1866? not really unless your compressing alot of files.
would i recommend a 9590 at this point in time? maybe, maybe not, if your all for AMD and you want to get the best they got right now then yes. maybe hold off for zen and save up some more, just something to think about.
my CPU benched scores right up with a heavily overclocked 4770K and easily beats out most intel quad cores
@Molletts you need a better CPU cooler, i cannot really recommend any air cooler for an FX-9590 and i would recommend something of H-100I caliber and you should easily hit 5+Ghz. also drop the vcore, you should be able to easily back it off to 1.3v-1.35v
its important with FX CPUs that you also make sure your HTT is set to 2600, otherwise it can get bandwidth starved. going higher on the HTT is only really applicable when your pushing DDR2400+ ram speeds.
FX-9590's do not have stability issues when set up correctly. they do require some serious cooling, but so does a highly OC'd I7 so that point is actually moot.
to truly beat out an OC'd FX-9590 with Intel you shouldn't be looking at any intel CPU that isn't a quad core, with HT and a reputation of regularly hitting 4.4ghz+ when overclocking. Almost any modern six core intel CPU with HT will easily match or beat out any FX (they are pricey, but very nice)