It costs a few bucks I think 10-15 for an ISO, but when I did more repair work I used a utility called parted magic. It was an ISO you paid for and downloaded and installed on a USB drive. It has utilities for resetting a windows password, dish partitions, cloning, etc.
Basically you would insert it into a system and boot up the system from it and it would put you into a version of Linux I think. The reason it costs from what I understand is that there’s a guy who develops it and sells his work so he’s coming out with updated versions. I think he even has a subscription if you were someone who did a lot of tech work.
In that utility there was a tool that they later added a gui to called ddrescue. I’ve used that in the past to clone drives that were dying. Basically if you use that or another utility you want to select the option to skip bad sectors. My understanding is that windows will keep attempting to read bad sectors, which is likely why the drive keeps crashing your system. Also your computer trying to read those sections could actually finish off the drive for good. So don’t hook it up unless you are cloning it.
With ddrescue my preference is buy another drive of the same size that you are attempting to recover or larger, and tell ddrescue you want to clone the failing drive directly to the other drive and ship bad sectors and do not attempt to read them again so that it will skip those. With any luck it will work and you will have a drive that has most of the data.
I won’t guarantee you that will work, but in the past I was actually able to clone OS drives that way, insert the drive I cloned to into the pc, and the oc ended up booting, then I was able to use chkdisk to check for errors and then defrag the drive to clean things up. But I’ve seen doing that take days where you literally had to just let it sit 2-3 days doing it’s thing. Depends though on how much data and what shape the drive is in. If you have a ups make sure the system is plugged into that. Though if it’s on a laptop your battery should give that redundancy also. Just make sure the laptop stays plugged in case it takes a while. If something like that doesn’t work you’d probably be looking at professional data recovery like the guys who have a clean room etc.