Yes, but no. The job of a modem is to facilitate data flow to/from an ISP. The job of a router is to split that signal to various other equipment, like phones or pc's. There must be a modem somewhere. If the other end of that enet terminal ends up on a modem somehow, then yes, you can use your router to make that hardline into Wi-Fi. If the other end of that enet terminal is blank, then you will have no internet connection at all, router useless.
Just be very careful if the other end is hooked to a community modem, like in an apartment building or coffee shop etc as that'll be public access for the entire network, apart from truncated bandwidth and probable up/down load issues, a neighbor could be on the same network/group as you and if...