Most likely, no. Those Optiplex units are usually proprietary form factor motherboards that won't work in any other case and they use special small form factor power supplies or inline power supplies that are compatible with the proprietary motherboards only. To upgrade, you will likely need to upgrade the case, power supply AND the motherboard.
Knowing the EXACT sub model of Optiplex 3050 or the express service tag number off the unit would be helpful in determining that for certain, but I'm pretty sure that the answer is still going to be no.