Yes, not appearing in bios is strange because practically speaking, windows only installs items the bios enumerates/starts and hands off. But try it and let us know Does the NVMe drive show up in the installer as a place to install windows ?
Here are the steps to take to install. Remember to remove the old drive first.
However I have low hopes . If the clone didn't take, the drive itself is suspect especially as you say the bios does not show it connected.
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Create an up to date USB install media by following the steps outlined here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/software-download/windows10
Then disconnect or disable all hdd /ssd drives but the one where you will install windows.
Insert the USB media tool, with the windows install files, into the board. Next startup and go to the board setup and ensure the board is configured to use UEFI boot settings, CSM is enabled and SATA mode set to AHCI.
On the motherboard boot device menu, select the command that identifies both the firmware mode and the device. For example, select UEFI: USB Drive or Windows Boot Manager: USB and list that device in the first boot slot on the board.
Reboot. Install begins.
When choosing an installation type, select Custom. On new disks, the drive will show a single area of unallocated space. If there are partitions, select each one and then "delete".
Select the unallocated space and click Next. Windows detects that the PC was booted into UEFI mode, partitions the drive using the GPT and begins the installation.
NOTE: Any data on the drive will be lost