Really strange.
When you boot to the SSD and access Device Manager does DM reflect problems with USB controllers, network adapters, and sound controllers?
And no similar problems indicated by DM when you boot to your HDD?
So when the problems manifest themselves using the SSD as the boot drive - the system does not detect any USB device connected to any of the laptop's USB ports? And no Wi-Fi capability at all? And no sound?
But everything works as it should when you boot to your HDD, right?
After you clone the SSD have you connected it to the same SATA connector that the HDD previously was connected to? But the problem persists?
Have you discussed this problem with Dell tech support? Any help there?
Do you happen to have another drive (HDD or SSD) that you could clone just for testing purposes?
When you cloned the contents of the HDD to the Samsung SSD I assume the SSD was connected as a USB device, yes? (Your laptop doesn't by any chance have two HDD bays, does it?). Did you use one of those SATA-to-USB adapters to effect the disk-cloning operation? I mention that because we've found these device generally unsatisfactory and don't use them any more. Much prefer a generic USB enclosure or docking station.
(As you can probably tell, I'm trying to think of every possible reason for this unusual problem. At least unusual to me!)