That depends on the case, how many fan locations it has, how many fan headers you have on the motherboard and what you intend to use the machine for. A rig meant only for office applications or browsing can probably do fine with a single front and rear fan. Or even a single exhaust on some systems, plus a cpu cooler.
A gaming machine with an aftermarket graphics card and higher end processor on the other hand probably demands that you have at least two intakes and an exhaust fan, and preferably at least two intakes and two exhaust fans, if not three, again, depending on the case, the processor and whether or not you're using an aftermarket graphics card or overclocking anything.
A few more details, including your hardware specs...