One more thing...
<b>*only read this if you want to know about cosmic rays... if you don't, this WILL waste your time.*</b>
Now seriously, Cosmic rays are cosmic rays because they're not from earth. They travel in space and reach earth with an immense energy (they're usually subatomic particles, like protons or electrons, or maybe something else) for their size. One of these particles - and they're terribly small - could hold the same energy as, say, a tennis ball travelling at nearly 120-130kph - if you consider that the tennis ball has much, much more mass, that's like 99.9...9% of the speed of light.
Upon entering the atmosphere, these particles collide with molecules and interact with the atmosphere in such a way that they break up into a greater number of less energetic particles. This happens iteratively, and so, in the end, a huge number of less energetic particles get to the ground and are detected by physicist's devices. This breaking up of the original particle is called a particle shower. When those particles finally get to the ground, this doesn't mean they'll stop. Some of the particles still cross the entire planet and exit the other way, so these particles are not often easy to detect, because they will only very rarely directly collide with a detection device.
After the detection data has been collected, the problem becomes a matter of reconstructing what happened, like determining the energy of the original particle and its inclination. This is done through numerical calculation and is computationally demanding. That 17-minute simulation was a simple case run. One of the mysteries of this whole thing is that a subatomic particle with "macroscopic" energy levels is <i>very incredibly energetic</i>, to the point that there <i>are no known natural astrophysical phenomena</i> that could have taken the article to that energy level, i.e. accelerated that original particle to those ridiculously high speeds. So determining particle source is a problem.
<i>Actually, I'm not working with those things now, but I'm very close to a group of physicists that is. Right now, I'm messing with Molecular Dynamics - I think I've mentioned this around here, but can't quite remember where or when.</i>
<b>See? I warned you! crazy cosmic rays session over...</b>
<font color=red><b>M</b></font color=red>ephistopheles