Here is what I would do. The 32 bit OS is a little tricky. But I'll show you the trick. You should be able to run a 64 bit OS in that.
Did you get the" latest" BIOS rom Dell. It may be 12 years old but get it anyway.
In Safe Mode did you manually remove the old GPU drivers? Often needed on a Dell. if it's not a UEFI conflict then that's probably it.
There were 2 MB for those. G33M-02, and DG33M03. Probably different BIOS because of different CPU support.
0RY007, and 0FM586 are showing up as Dell#s.
32 bit OS can only recognize about 3.5GB RAM. They "say" it has a 4GB RAM "limit".
Install 6-8GB anyway. Then you can use a modern 2-4GB GTX1050 GPU. The GPU will find the unused RAM and cache textures there, and the OS willl still have it's full share. 6RAM=2GB GPU, 8 RAM=4GB GPU
The GTX 1050 is the card you want for 1080P. GTX750 is better than 1030, but can just barely do 1080P. Even the older card comes in UEFI and Legacy versions.
I would put an E7500 with a tapemod to 3.66Ghz in that.
https://forums.tomshardware.com/threads/tape-mod-bsel-mod-intel-q6600.1798850/
I'm running a GTX1060 3GB in my Opti 380 X5470 Xeon@3.33GHz and it works well. Spending on a GPU is not bad because it can move forward to your next system. 1060 needs a PCIe power cable though.
The advice to use a 1GB GPU like the 1030 is based on the 4GB RAM" limit".
Don't give up. Others are running Win 10 and modern GPUs in that system.