Not sure if this thread is dead yet, but I have a few pointers on the GX280 SFF as well that I thought I'd share inncase anyone comes wandering in here like I did.
I've done extensive research on the CPU upgrade path for this machine, and according to multiple sources (Intel Support documents, Dell Forums, and other websites), the CPUs compatible with this machine based on the 915 chipset and the fact that there is apparently NO 64-bit CPU support (EM64T) in the BIOS, would dictate that the P4 570 is the upper limit (thermal and power considerations notwithstanding). This apparently is not true, as was stated earlier.
Any 5x0 model will work, with adequate power and cooling.
Any of the 6x0 models should work also, considering that someone above stated they have a 650 running in their GX280. This seems to contradict the fact that the Intel specs show that these processors are 64-bit enabled, though they are still using the same 90nm process as the 5xx series chips. The 6x1 chips use the 65nm process, so perhaps this is where the difference comes in.
Concerning the 5x1 & 6x0/6x1/6x2 models, while the Intel documentation says that they will work on 915 chipset based boards, these processors are "Intel 64-bit Architecture" enabled - And according to Intel documentation specifically for these processors, they will FAIL TO BOOT on a machine that doesn't have 64-bit support in the BIOS - even for 32-bit operation! Bottom line: Dell left out 64-bit BIOS support, so we cannot use these chips in the GX280. Simple as that, or so you would think... The exception here being the 6x0 models, which are listed as having 64-bit, but also seem to be the only ones out of the three different models that work in our machines, and only so far being tested up to the 650.
*** If anyone has a 6x0 series chip higher than the 650 running in a GX280, I'd like to hear about it please! ***
Now, as far as power is concerned, you do have another option, one that many people seem to overlook. Use a 1U server power supply, as it is almost *identical* in size to the stock 210W slim & long PSU. Many online retailers sell these, often upwards of 400w - just find one that's ATX12V compliant with a sufficient power rating for the video card & processor you intend on running together. You may have some slight dremel work to perform in the back for the AC plug to be accessible, but that's a hell of alot easier than trying to mount the mobo in a case it wasn't designed for (seeing as there's no standard-pattern mounting holes on Dell boards).
For cooling this compact little beast, our options are somewhat limited... I personally cut a section the same size as the 60mm fan on my video card from the metal cage on the PCI riser, and added a PCI slot cooler exhausting the air collected in and around that area out the rear. I've also eliminated the metal mesh and two hard sections of the case behind where the CPU blower exhausts as well, to aid in airflow. Temps went down considerably... Adding a small 40mm fan to the chipset heatsink isn't a bad idea either - that thing gets bloody hot without one.
Before I started doing my research, I located and bought myself a P4 672 3.8GHz 2MB HT 64-bit CPU with Intel Virtualization Technology (that's where the 2 comes in, as opposed to the 671 which is essentially the same processor without virtualization)... Well, suffice to say it didn't work.
But that hasn't stopped me from messing about with this nice little machine. Even with the stock 3.00GHz P4 530, It has no issues with Vista Ultimate, running 4GB of Corsair XMMS2 @ 4-4-4-12 (only 3GB of which are available for use - but the 4 x 1024MB setup allows for dual-channel operation), and currently an XFX Geforce 7200GS that's been seriously overclocked. Looking at locating a P4 570 chip somewhere, and a higher end low-profile nvidia card now that the power supply isn't an issue any longer.
Best of luck to everyone modding and maxing out the lovely GX280 SFF