The most straightforward way is to look at the power requirement for the devices you wish to remain powered if there is a power outage.
Add up the total wattage and have some idea about how long you wish to continue having UPS power available.
Then use something like this:
http://www.apc.com/tools/ups_selector/US/en/home/device
Very easy to follow - use "other devices" for the cable modem/router and ooma.
Not promoting or otherwise favoring APC. The point is to show that there are ways/methods to at least establish some initial idea about what you need.
Then you can use that knowledge to proceed further and refine your requirements accordingly.
Do be aware that some of the terminology can be misleading and more "marketing speak" than technical. Read up a bit on UPSs in general.