No, the socket type is the interface between the motherboard and the processor. They must match.
There were, in olden days of your, some "adapter kits" for some sockets to other sockets, but they were not supported.
AMD also has FM2 and FM2+ or FM3 and FM3+ that has some form of compatibility.
For the greater part and in your own best interest, just go with my opening paragraph. The rest is simply for completeness.
Edit: since you also poted about RAM, there is another area where compatibility is mandatory. Motherboard/processor combinations require specific types of RAM. DDR2, DDR3 and most recently DDR4.
Graphics cards need to look at the PCI-e (or PCI on older motherboards) slot type. In general while there are pin...