1. The primary means of degradation of electronics (light bulbs even) comes from warm-up and cool-down cycles (solder fatique being one primary failure mode). Sony used to have a commercial where they had a TV in a store window for 10 or 12 years ... it was widely debunked for the above reason.
2. One of the primary control methods in the power distribution fields is what is called "staggered starting". The application that stands out here the most is in Generator Design. When a load is placed on a circuit, motors being the primary component of concern here, there is what is called an "inrush current". So if a motor draws say X amps "under normal load" the start up or "inrush current" will be several orders of magnitude higher (3 to 6 times as much) than that. With solid state components, this inrush is much smaller but it still occurs as capacitors charge. THG writes:
If the inrush current is too high, this could negatively impact other devices connected to the same power strip or even the local power grid if they are really sensitive.
The ATX specification requires that a PCs PSU limit downstream current to 100 amps. But again, power and thermal cycling of these components will have an effect on longevity. Most electronics are designed to be able to withstand 3-5 years of "normal usage". This inrush current (or surge) also results in a phenomenon known as "voltage drop" whereby when the is a sudden demand for more amps, voltage drops. In generator design, this can be problematic
http://ecmweb.com/basics/sizing-gen-sets-large-motor-starting
In a PC, the ATX spec requites that voltage drop from the PSU be limited to no more than 5% ... for stable overclocks, you'll want better than that.
By putting several items all on a "power strip". if you were turning them all off / on at once (as many do) you would increase the amount of load that is going on / off in the same instant. So all of the things above will be of a greater order of magnitude.
3. The way you are doing things is of no significance. Turning off the power strip AFTER shutting everything else down and turning off as per proper protocol is having no effect whatsoever. It is however a complete waste of time a sit does not accomplish anything
4. On the other hand, it would be worthwhile to know exactly how much power you are using. I haven't physically turned off a PC in this millenium other than to:
a) Restart it
b) Shut down in advance of severe storm
c) Shut down before a period of inactive use.
It's one of those discussions that you can make a reasonable argument for both sides.... and in 99 outta 100 times, you wouldn't be able to prove it either way. Keep in mind that I am basing this entire position on a PC that is getting typical THG user usage. In excess of 35 hours a week ON. If you check e-mail once a day or use even every other day, I'd prolly leave it off.
I have the power schemes set up to go into sleep mode (monitor, system , HDs, etc) after a certain amount of time of inactivity. During periods of non-use, I have the puters perform maintenance or other reasons such as:
a) HD defrag
b) On site backups
c) Off site backups
d) AV scans
e) It's a media server for iTunes and movie libraries for 10-12 other computers
Other reasons which don't apply to the desktops and lappies here:
a) You use internet phone dialing solution for ya phones (i.e magic jack) , we have an alternate system wide device for this purpose.
b) Installing updates
c) You can hear your puter when it is on ... we don't have any of those.
Primary systems are on a UPS which give me up to 60 minutes of usage after a power outage depending on what is being done ... obviously this doesn't include gaming
.
You might want to invest in one of these to get an idea of just how much power your electronics is using when they are in sleep mode. You can even input the power cost form your utility and find out how much it is costing you each month.
https://www.amazon.com/P3-International-P4460-Electricity-Monitor/dp/B000RGF29Q/
http://www.p3international.com/products/P4400.html
For TV / Cable ... one of two things happens....
a) If you don't take any action (push a button) after a set amount of time (you can set via menu), the TV and cable box go into sleep mode.
b) If you turn off the box, both go into sleep mode.
In short...
Turning off the power strip has no negatives / no positives.
Turning off your devices has both positive and negative impacts ... obviously even the small amount of electricity used in sleep mode has a cost. The more and wider the temperature swings from warm-up and cool-down the greater the impact on component life.
That latter discussion follows the same logic as overclocking tho.... yes overclocking makes things warmer and increases voltage each of which have an impact on component longevity. But if my CPU (or MoBo, Vid card, HD whatever) is going to last 5 years instead of 10, I really don't care as I have replaced them before either time period has been reached.
But keep in mind that electronics longevity follows a MTBF model (mean time between failures) and what we see with electronics is that a certain % of units will fail in the 1st 6 months ... and some will last 10 years, following the normal bathtub curve distribution. But, again, the primary means of failure under normal operating conditions will be thermal cycling. Other failure modes include excess temperature, excess current or voltage, ionizing radiation, mechanical shock, stress or impact, and even humidity.
Offices that are heated only during working hours with temp drops to 50F at night with PCs left off will see a wider temp swing when turned on each morning than if the PCs are left on. So, for example a component that failed due to solder stress fatigue after 3 years ... might have lasted 4 years if the device never was shut off or the heat was left on at night. OTOH I have seen condensation occur on PC components when I lived on the shore where nights can be cool and dry and then mornings are warmer and more humid. Not only did condensation sometimes appear on PC surfaces but I had a pair of audio tube amplifiers that when I took them apart to clean the dust out had a layer of salt on some of the surfaces from the sea air.
I let pretty much everything "on" or control its own / off activity. After all, isn't that one of the reasons why they call them "Smart TVs" they are smart enough to turn themselves off
More reading
http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/should-you-turn-off-your-computer-at-night/
http://www.howtogeek.com/256395/psa-don%E2%80%99t-shut-down-your-computer-just-use-sleep-or-hibernation/