Most boards are dual channel, on the consumer side only X99 based boards are quad channel. Triple channel no longer is in production.
So what are RAM channels? Think of it like a pipeline for the data to run into and out of your RAM.
If you want to have 8 GB of ram in your system, and you put it all on 1 DIMM (hence 1 channel), well then for your system to address that 8gb all the data needs to go through 1 pipe.
However if you split it to 2 DIMMS 4gb each and install them to 2 difference channels, now that has doubled the amount of pipes and therefore the size of the pipeline for your data to travel in.
This results in increased performance in memory intensive tasks.