Since I assume you are a home user the key difference between WPA2 and WPA3 is related to how the login to the wifi network is done. In theory at least a hacker could determine the preshared key using a offline super computer. WPA3 uses a method closer to the enterprise model where the login keys are unique for each user.
WPA2/WPA3 is not the encryption of the data itself. Let say you tell your friend your preshared key rather than them hacking wpa2 to get it. What happens is as you log in the router and your pc generate a unique key for that session that changes everytime you connect and is different for every device that connects. These keys are the ones that are used for the actual data encryption. So what you would do is use the preshared key to decode these initial messages to get the real session keys.
Just having the preshared key does not directly let you read the data.
This is still very much corporate or government level spy stuff. It takes way too much effort to first crack the pre shared key and then listen in as someone logs in to the network to capture the actual unique encryption keys.
But to your question WPA2/WPA3 is only used when someone first connects so any difference in power usage would be insignificant as a percentage of the total use.
If you want to know how much power your router uses buy something like a kill-a-watt. This is very popular brand of devices that will measure power usages. It has many competitor lately. There are some that will let you upload historic data by hour etc.
Now other than something new to play with I suspect you will pay more for the kill-a-watt device than you would ever save since a router uses extremely small amounts of power.