This deals with USB 3.2 Hubs and power.
The standard USB 3.2 port must provide power at 5 VDC up to 0.9 A current to any device attached. If you use an UNpowered Hub to connect several devices to a single port, they all must share that power limit. For some things like mice and keyboards that works because these devices use little power each. However, many devices use more. At the limit all "Laptop Hard Drives" sold for use on USB 3.2 ports are designed particularly to work just within the 0.9 A limit. They do things like slower rotation speed of the disks, etc (and hence slightly slower data transfer rates) to ensure they DO work properly. (In the older USB2 system the current limit was smaller, and there were NO "Laptop Hard Drives" of that era that could work without some extra power arrangement.) Thus, if you want to use a variety of USB 3.2 devices on one port with a Hub, you normally NEED a Hub that comes with its own power supply "brick" AND it must be able to provide all that power for ALL of its output ports.
In doing the calculations for this, recognize that this means 0.9 A per port at max. For example, a 7-port Hub might require up to 6.3 A current from its power supply unit. First wrinkle here: many Hubs also come with "Charging Ports". Some of these are normal USB 3.2 ports that can also provide more than normal power. Others are ONLY for charging at higher currents, but cannot do ANY data transfers. Either way, whatever these ports specify, their current needs must be added to those of the other Standard ports on the Hub.
Second wrinkle. Under normal uses NOT all of the devices plugged into a Hub are in full use simultaneously. For example, you might have a keyboard, a mouse, and three Laptop Hard Drives plugged in (5 ports at 0.9 A each = 4.5 A max), but the real load may be only half that because some units are just "idling". So whatever the MAX calculation shows (ports x 0.9 A), the power supply unit normally is adequate if it can provide 60% or more of that UNLESS you know your use pattern will be higher. But be sure to take into account any Charging Ports, too.
Third wrinkle. MANY power supply modules provide power at 12 VDC to the Hub, and the Hub itself converts that to 5 VDC with a change in Amps capacity. For this the key factor is that power is measured in WATTS, and WATTS = VOLTS x AMPS. So the max POWER need of one standard USB 3.2 port is 5v x 0.9A = 4.5 W. Meanwhile the power supply unit comes with a spec of max output in Watts, often 35 W or so. A 7-port Hub with NO Charging Ports needs 7 x 4.5 W = 31.5 W max. IF you de-rate that to 70% to account for non-simultaneous use, that Hub needs at least 22 W from its power "brick".
The Rosonway Hub linked above has a power supply module rated at 12 VDC 2.0 A max, or 24 W. That would be just enough for its seven ports at the 70% de-rated power needs. It has no Charging Ports, so that is not a factor. Among its ports, three are rated for USB 3.2 Gen2 speed (one Type A, two Type C), and the other four (mis-labelled as USB 3 in the descriptive text) are Gen1 Type A. (This part has no impact on power use - it impacts only the speed of the devices you may connect and expect to achieve higher speeds. And it means this Hub MUST be connected to a host port on the computer able to do at least the Gen2 speed.) It also has an interesting feature. EACH port has its own switch to turn it Off or On with an indicator LED, so you could actually disconnect a device that stays plugged in if you want to be sure the Hub's power limit is not violated.
I note another useful feature. The cable of this Hub that plugs into the computer host USB 3.2 port has BOTH a Type A and a Type C plug. Ideally you would use the Type C into a genuine Gen2 Type C socket to ensure full Gen2 performance, but you CAN use it with a Type A host socket if necessary.
IF you think the power capability of that Hub is a limit for your plans, look at this model from the same maker.
https://www.amazon.com/Rosonway-Charging-Aluminum-Splitter-RSH-A10QPD/dp/B0CB82NR5C/ref=sr_1_14?crid=2QI7DYV7V41IO&keywords=powered+usb+3.2+gen+2+hub&qid=1707678387&sprefix=powered+usb+3.2+gen+2+hub,aps,91&sr=8-14
It has very similar features but adds three Charging Ports (charging only if I read it right) and a power supply rated for 60W. So lots of power, enough to actually use the charging-only ports if you need them, OR more power to normal data ports but the same number of those.
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