What we are looking for is any bit of information that corresponds to when the fans go to full speed and then stop.
The referenced logs include error codes, warnings, and
informational entries. (My underline.)
There may not be an actual error or warning involved. Remember that we are dealing with code and code can be buggy or corrupted.
Still looking for errors, warnings, and related informational events is the natural starting point. Unfortunately Windows/Microsoft is not always successful in capturing errors and/or explaining the possible causes.
You can also look in Task Manager, Resource Monitor, and Process Explorer to see if there is anything that happens or stops happening when fans spin up.
Use all three tools but only one tool at a time. You will need to leave the tool window open and viewable in order to perhaps catch some change that takes place. Graphical representation may show a peak or valley for instance.
Process Explorer (Microsoft, free) may likewise reveal some change with respect to a running service. Maybe some app launching in order to backup, update, or simply "phone home". Perhaps failing to do so....
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/process-explorer
Present objective being to discover some clue to help narrow down potential culprits.
It may narrow down to being just some peculiarity of the GPU cooling. Perhaps someone will post words to that effect.
= = = =
Looking back at the specs: "PSU: Cooler Master RS-390-PMSR-A3 390W(used)" makes me think that the PSU is having some difficulties providing power.
All is well then some peak in overall power demand occurs and the PSU's performance starts to suffer...
It appears that the recommended wattage for the GPU is 330 watts. The PSU is 390 but you have to remember that 1) the PSU is old/used, and 2) must also support the wattage requirements of all installed components.
More troubleshooting needed.