Things in your screen shot look fine. What I mean to say is, nothing in your screen shot appears to be malfunctioning, or the result of a malfunction.
What was the native resolution of your old screen? (how many pixels [dots] wide, by how many pixels tall, was your previous screen?)
What is the native resolution of your new screen?
What you're probably going to find is, your old screen had fewer pixels, therefore things appeared larger, and your new screen has more pixels, therefore your programs appear smaller for a given screen space.
The correct solution in Windows is to right mouse-click the Desktop, and choose Personalize from the context menu.
Next, on the left column, near the bottom of the Personalization window, choose Display.
You should see three options, "Smaller - 100%," "Medium - 125%," and "Larger - 150%." Other than changing the resolution of the screen to something other than it's native resolution, this is the option that Windows presents for making things appear larger.
Be aware, it will make certain dialog boxes and software appear incorrectly, and there's nothing you can do about this other than keep the setting at 100%.
Alternatively, Windows has a magnifier tool, but I doubt that's anything that would be suitable for what you have in mind. You can easily search for it using Google if you want to know more about it.
Finally, setting your output resolution on your new screen to match what your old screen's native resolution was may seem like a good solution, doing so is going to come with a lot of image degradation and poor quality, and it really diminishes the value of a newer, higher resolution screen. However, as it's your equipment, if this is how you want to use it, feel free to knock yourself out and run it at a resolution other than what the screen was designed to run at. Just go into the Screen Resolution section and change the new screen to have the same resolution your old screen was running at.
One final thought is, perhaps your display had a size set that was greater than 100% previously, and now it's set to something smaller. Adjusting the size of items may just return things to what you consider normal, if that's the case.
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