the difference (varies with generation) is the number of cores and threads, with clock and RAM speeds also going up a bit each generation...
If your current stats are correct (8700K?), 6 cores and 12 threads, the flagship i7 from Oct 2017 in most gaming/general usage benchmarks is still plenty of CPU for nearly all gaming scenarios, with AMD's latest 3700X and 3800X roughly matching it in gaming performance. (The latest 10th gen i5, the 10600K is of a similar configuration, 6c/12t, and it also does quite well in the gaming comparisons I've seen)